Question

Which of the following is oxidative phosphorylation?
(a)Anaerobic reproduction of ATP
(b)Citric acid production of ATP
(c)Production of ATP by chemiosmosis
(d)Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 1

The final step of cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondria is oxidative phosphorylation. This process occurs in many steps. However, the result of this process is ATP formation.

Complete answer:
Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of production of ATP that takes place inside the mitochondria. It is the major source of ATP for aerobic organisms. In this process, the transfer of electrons from $NADH$ or ${ FADH }_{ 2 }$ to ${ O }_{ 2 }$, by a series of electron carriers, forms ATP.

Additional Information: Here's some information about oxidative phosphorylation-
-It is the process of formation of ATP by the transfer of electrons by electron carriers from $NADH$ or ${ FADH }_{ 2 }$ to oxygen.
-It is the final step of cellular respiration and occurs in mitochondria. It is linked to ETC(electron transport chain) which is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria.
-The steps of this process include:
Delivery of electrons- Electron transfer occurs from $NADH$ and ${ FADH }_{ 2 }$ to molecules near the beginning of the transport chain. These electrons get oxidized to ${ NAD }^{ + }$ and $FAD$.
Electron transport and proton pumping-
The electron moves from higher to lower energy level and releases energy. Some of this electron is used in proton pumping and establishment of a cellular gradient.
Splitting of oxygen- The electrons are transferred to the oxygen molecule and splits it into half and uptakes ${ H }^{ + }$ from water.
D.ATP synthesis- To control the flow of protons to synthesize ATP, the ${ H }^{ + }$ ions passes through the ATP synthase and flows back into the matrix.
Chemiosmosis- When the exergonic process of flow of electrons through ETC and the endergonic process of ATP synthesis are ingrained within a membrane, energy transmits from the electron transport chain to ATP synthase by the movement of proteins. This is termed as Chemiosmosis.
Electron transport chain(ETC)- The electrons are separated from the coenzyme NADH and then passed to the oxygen. This process occurs with a series of enzymes releasing a small amount of energy. These series of enzymes are known as ETC or electron transport chain. This is seen in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The enzymes make use of the energy released during the ETC from the oxidation of NADH and pumps protons across the inner membrane of the mitochondria, resulting in the generation of the electrochemical gradient across the membrane.
So, The correct option is “Production of ATP by chemiosmosis”.

Note: Oxidative phosphorylation is the major source of ATP production as approximately 30 to 36 ATPs are produced by oxidative phosphorylation of 10 $NADH$. And 2 succinate molecules. As the most efficient method for ATP production, it is considered as a very important part of cellular respiration. The products of this process include ATP as well as ${ NAD }^{ + }$ and ${ FAD }^{ + }$.