Question

Which of the following is known as the kitchen of the plant?
a) Chloroplasts
b) Mitochondria
c) Golgi bodies
d) Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 1

With the help of this organelle and chlorophyll, the plants prepare their food in the presence of water, sunlight and oxygen. Hence, it is called the kitchen of a plant cell. Also, leaves are the main organ responsible for photosynthesis, through which the plant produces its energy.

Complete answer: In order to answer this question we need to go through the structure and function of the above mentioned cell organelles.

Chloroplasts: They are organelles that conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it within the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water in plant and algal cells.

Structure: These are organelles found in plant cells and algal cells. They’re oval-shaped. They're products of two surface membranes, i.e., outer and inner membrane and an inner layer because the thylakoid layer has two membranes. The outer membrane forms the external lining of the chloroplast while the inner membrane is below the outer layer. The membranes are separated by thin membranous space and within the membrane, there's also a section remarked because of the stroma. The stroma houses the chloroplast. The third layer called the thylakoid layer is extensively folded making the looks of a flattened disk called thylakoids which have large numbers of chlorophyll and carotenoids and also the electron transport chain.

Functions: The chloroplast is the positioning of food synthesis for plant cells, by a mechanism stated as photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs light energy from the sun for photosynthesis. The photosynthesis process converts water, greenhouse emission, and lightweight energy into nutrients for utilization by the plants. Thylakoids contain chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids for trapping light energy to be employed in photosynthesis.

Mitochondria: Mitochondria are called chondriosomes, are the power generating organelles of a cell, hence they're commonly called the powerhouse of the cell. The mitochondria convert stored nutrients by the help of oxygen to supply energy certain of (ATP) hence they're the situation for non-photosynthetic energy transduction.

Structure: Plant cell mitochondria have high pleomorphism. Mitochondria in green plants are discrete, spherical-oval shaped organelles. The mitochondria have a double-layered system i.e, a smooth outer membrane and an inner complex membrane that encloses the organelle matrix. The 2 layers are lipid bilayers complexed with a hydrophobic acid chain. These lipids are a category of phospholipids that are highly dynamic with a strong attraction to the acid regions.

Functions: The mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, hence their major function is generating energy to be utilized by the cell. To possess a high rate of metabolism because they supply energy for the unknown mechanism by which foods, mainly sucrose, are transported within the sieve tubes. Within the mitochondria, the P.E. in food that's manufactured by photosynthesis is what's used for the metabolisms of the cells.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): The ER may be a nonstop network of folded membranous sacs housed within the cell cytosol. It is a fancy organelle usurping an outsized element of the cell’s cytosol it's made up of two regions called the rough endoplasmic reticulum and also the sleek endoplasmic reticulum.

Structure: This can be a consistently folded membranous organelle found within the cytoplasm of the cell, that's made of a thin network of flattened interconnected compartments (sacs) that connects from the cytoplasm to the karyon. Within its membranes, there are membranous spaces called the cristae spaces and thus the membrane folding is called cristae.

Functions: The endoplasmic reticulum plays major roles in synthesizing, processing, transporting and storing proteins, lipids, and chemical elements. These elements are utilized by the plant cell and other organelles just like the vacuoles and so the apoplast.

Golgi bodies: These are complex membrane-bound cell organelles found within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, which is additionally called the vesicle.

Structure: Golgi bodies are maintained together by cytoplasmic microtubules and clasped by a protein matrix. They're made of flattened stacked pouches called cisternae. The Golgi bodies have three primary compartments: Cis Golgi network, the medial or the Golgi stack, trans golgi network.

Functions: They're found within the center of the cells’ secretory pathway, as a membranous complex that primarily functions to process, distribute and store proteins to be utilized by the plant during stress responses in leguminous plants like cereals and grains.

Therefore, the correct answer is a, chloroplasts.

Note: After detecting stress in an exceedingly cell, chloroplasts begin producing molecules like hydroxy acid, gas and reactive oxygen species which may function as defense-signals. As cellular signals, reactive oxygen species are unstable molecules, they pass away their signal to an unknown second messenger molecule. Of these, molecules initiate signals from chloroplast that regulate organic phenomenon within the nucleus. Additionally to defense signaling, chloroplasts, with the assistance of the peroxisomes, help synthesize a vital defense molecule. Chloroplasts synthesize all the fatty acids in a very plant cell—linoleic acid, a carboxylic acid.