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Question: Which of the following is/are example(s) of isotones? A. \(_6{C^{12}}\) and \[_6{C^{13}}\] B. \[...

Which of the following is/are example(s) of isotones?
A. 6C12_6{C^{12}} and 6C13_6{C^{13}}
B. 11Na23_{11}N{a^{23}} and 12Mg23_{12}M{g^{23}}
C. 14Si30_{14}S{i^{30}} and 16S32_{16}{S^{32}}
D. 83Bi210_{83}B{i^{210}} and 84Po210_{84}P{o^{210}}

Explanation

Solution

All atoms consist of electrons, neutrons and protons. They also consist of sub-atomic particles such as muon, up quark and many more. A similarity is observed between the numbers of electrons, protons and neutrons. Isotones is one such similarity. Atoms which have the same number of neutrons are called isotones.

Complete step by step answer:
Atoms are the fundamental unit of a matter. Majority of the mass in an atom is found in the nucleus. Atoms are composed of nuclei which are at the center of the atom. We have protons and neutrons with other subatomic particles in the nucleus.
The atomic number of an element is denoted by Z. Mass number of an element is denoted by A. The atomic number is the number of electrons or number of protons present in an atom while atomic mass number is the sum of masses of nucleons.
We have A=Z+NA = Z + N
Where N is the number of neutrons,
⇒N=A−Z\Rightarrow N = A - Z
Atoms that have the same number of neutrons are called isotones.
Thus, atoms having the same A−ZA - Z values are called isotones.
For 6C12_6{C^{12}} (atomic mass is 1212 ), number of neutrons is 12−6=612 - 6 = 6
and 6C13_6{C^{13}} (atomic mass is 1313 ), number of neutrons is 13−6=713 - 6 = 7
Number of neutrons is different; they are not isotones.
Option A is incorrect.

For 11Na23_{11}N{a^{23}} number of neutrons is 23−11=1223 - 11 = 12
And 12Mg23_{12}M{g^{23}} number of neutrons is 23−12=1123 - 12 = 11
Number of neutrons is different; they are not isotones.
Option B is also incorrect.

For 14Si30_{14}S{i^{30}} number of neutrons is 30−14=1630 - 14 = 16
And 16S32_{16}{S^{32}} number of neutrons is 32−16=1632 - 16 = 16
Number of neutrons is the same; they are isotones.
Option C is correct.

For 83Bi210_{83}B{i^{210}} number of neutrons is 210−83=127210 - 83 = 127
And 84Po210_{84}P{o^{210}} number of neutrons is 210−34=126210 - 34 = 126
Number of neutrons is different; they are not isotones.
Option D is also incorrect.

As a result, only option C is correct.

So, the correct answer is “Option C”.

Note:
Atomic pairs are classified in following types: Isobars, isotones, isomers.
In isobars the pair of atoms have the same A.
For isotopes have the same Z but different N.
Isomers have the same Z but in different excited states.
In isodiaphers have same N-Z values
In isotones have the same N but different Z.