Question

Which of the following is a direct oxidation pathway performed without the glycolysis cycle?
(a) HMP pathway
(b) TCA
(c) Both A and B
(d) None of the above

Answer 1

It's an alternate pathway to glycolysis and is employed to supply ribose-5-phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This pathway occurs within the oxidative and non-oxidative phases, each comprising a series of reactions. It has significance within the medical world, due to its fatal implications as an enzyme or cofactor deficiencies on the affected patients.

Complete answer:
The significant reason for this pathway is the age of decreased NADPH and pentose phosphates for nucleotide synthesis. The HMP pathway has oxidative and non-oxidative phases. During the oxidative phase, glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized with the generation of two molecules of NADPH, and one molecule of pentose phosphate, with the liberation of 1 molecule of carbon dioxide. During the non-oxidative stage, the pentose phosphate is changed over to intermediates of glycolysis.
The non-oxidative period of the HMP shunt includes the transformation of ribulose-5-phosphate to ribose-5-phosphate (R-5-P) through a progression of autonomous responses. It is important to notice that no NADPH molecules get created during this part of the HMP shunt. R-5-P during this reaction is often returned to the glycolytic pathway as fructose-6-phosphate. This progression requires the transketolase compound with the presence of the thiamine cofactor. Thiamine also participates in a plethora of other metabolic reactions throughout the body. It is employed by enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate within the Krebs cycle, for the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase also as branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase.

So the correct answer is the ‘HMP pathway’.

Note:
The HMP shunt pathway is under the regulation of the stress of NADPH within the respective tissue. The rate-restricting enzyme is G6PD and has allosteric restraint coordinated by the presence of NADPH and allosteric initiation. Subsequently, the movement of G6PD action likewise increments during a took care of state with a high sugar diet, and alternately, diminishes during a destitute or a diabetic state.