Question

Which of the following is a direct effect on the K.E. of the particles?
A.Pressure
B.Potential Energy
C.Temperature
D.All of the above

Answer 1

The kinetic energy of the particles is equal to the product of the mass of the particles and the square of their velocities. The velocity of a particle is influenced by a number of factors whereas the mass of the particle remains constant.

Complete step by step answer:
The kinetic energy of the particles is related to the temperature of the medium according to the kinetic theory of matter by the following equation:
$\text{K}\text{.E}\text{.=}\dfrac{\text{3R}}{\text{2}{{\text{N}}_{\text{A}}}}\text{T}$,
where K.E. is the kinetic energy of the particles, $\text{R}$ is universal gas constant, and ${{\text{N}}_{\text{A}}}$ is the Avogadro's Number.
This equation shows a direct relation between the absolute temperature of the gas and the kinetic energy of the gas molecules. So accordingly, as the temperature of the medium is increased, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules also increase.
For the other states of matter too, when a solid cube of ice is heated, the temperature of the cube rises and so the kinetic energy of the molecules also increases and hence the solid melts.
In case of the liquids too, when the temperature of the medium is raised, the kinetic energy of the molecules is increased and hence the liquid is converted to gas.

So, option C is the correct answer.

Note:
The conversion of the solid to a liquid by the increase of the temperature of the medium till the melting point of the solid is called fusion and the conversion of the liquid to a gas by the increase of the temperature of the medium till the boiling point of the liquid is called vaporization. The K.E. of molecules is highest in gases while it is lowest in solids.