Question

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pituitary gland?
(a) Insulin
(b) Growth hormone
(c) Progesterone
(d) Thyroxin
(e) Secretin

Answer 1

The pituitary gland is a small gland located in the sella turcica (‘Turkish saddle,' a bony hollow beneath the brain and behind the bridge of the nose). The anterior pituitary gland and the posterior pituitary gland are the two main parts of the pituitary gland.

Complete answer: The pituitary gland is known as the "master gland" because the hormones it produces regulate so many different bodily functions. It detects the body's requirements and sends signals to various organs and glands throughout the body to regulate their functions and maintain a healthy environment. It secretes several hormones into the bloodstream that act as messengers, transmitting information from one cell to the next.
Option A: Insulin: Insulin is a peptide hormone that is produced by beta cells in the pancreatic islets and is the body's main anabolic hormone. It regulates carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism by promoting glucose absorption from the blood into the liver, fat, and skeletal muscle cells.
Option B: Growth hormone: Growth hormone is a protein hormone with about 190 amino acids that is produced and secreted by cells in the anterior pituitary called somatotrophs. It plays a key role in the regulation of several complex physiologic processes, including growth and metabolism.
Option C: Progesterone: Progesterone is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone that plays a role in the human menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis. It is the body's main progestogen and belongs to a group of steroid hormones known as progestogens.
Option D: Thyroxin: Thyroxine is the main hormone secreted by the thyroid gland into the bloodstream. It is the inactive form, and organs such as the liver and kidneys convert it to the active form, triiodothyronine. Thyroid hormones are necessary for the body's metabolic rate, heart, and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development, and bone maintenance.
Option E: Secretin: Secretin is a hormone that influences the environment of the duodenum by regulating secretions in the stomach, pancreas, and liver. It regulates water homeostasis throughout the body and influences the environment of the duodenum by regulating secretions in the stomach, pancreas, and liver. It's a peptide hormone made in the duodenum's S cells, which are found in the intestinal glands. The secretin peptide is encoded by the SCT gene in humans.
Thus, Insulin is produced by the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, while progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum and the placenta. Thyroxine is a thyroid hormone, while secretin is produced by the duodenal wall's endocrine cells. The anterior pituitary gland produces growth hormones. It's a peptide hormone that promotes cell division and growth.

As a result, option B is the correct option.

Note: Children with pathologically short stature are commonly treated with human growth hormone. There is concern that this practice, known as "enhancement therapy" or "growth hormone on-demand," will be extended to the treatment of essentially normal children. Some athletes have also used growth hormone to improve their athletic performance.