Question

Which of the following hexoses will form the same osazone when treated with excess phenylhydrazine?
A ) D-glucose, D-fructose and D-galactose
B ) D-glucose, D-fructose and D-mannose
C ) D-glucose, D-mannose and D-galactose
D ) D-fructose, D-mannose and D-galactose

Answer 1

Identify the similarities/ differences between configurations for first two carbon atoms for the given hexoses since phenyl hydrazine only affects the configuration of first two carbon atoms.

Complete step by step answer:
Write the structures of given hexoses as follows:

During the formation of osazone, only the first two carbon atoms participate. The remaining four carbon atoms remain as such.

$D-glucose,\text{ }D-fructose\text{ }and\text{ }D-mannose$ have different configurations only at second carbon atom. For the remaining carbon atoms, they have the same configuration.
In the Fischer projection formula for D-glucose, the hydroxyl group of the second carbon atom is on the right hand side. In the Fischer projection formula for D-mannose, the hydroxyl group of the second carbon atom is on the left hand side. D-fructose has a carbonyl group on the second carbon atom.

$D-glucose,\text{ }D-fructose\text{ }and\text{ }D-mannose$ form the same osazone when treated with excess phenylhydrazine.
The structures of the osazone from $D-glucose,\text{ }D-fructose\text{ }and\text{ }D-mannose$and D-galactose are as shown below:

Hence, the option B) $D-glucose,\text{ }D-fructose\text{ }and\text{ }D-mannose$ is the correct option.

Note:
When two reactions are added, the values of the enthalpy changes are also added. When two reactions are subtracted, the values of the enthalpy changes are also subtracted. When a reaction is divided with a number, the enthalpy change value is also divided with the same number.