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Question: Which of the following diseases is transmitted through the air? A. Typhoid, cholera, pneumonia B...

Which of the following diseases is transmitted through the air?
A. Typhoid, cholera, pneumonia
B. Diarrhea, tuberculosis, pneumonia
C. Tuberculosis and pneumonia
D. Rabies, chicken pox, polio

Explanation

Solution

Any disfunctioning of one or more organs or systems of the body is adversely affected, characterized by various signs and symptoms is termed as a disease. These can be transmitted through pathogens via various ways like through water, food, air, soil, or it can be viral.

Complete answer:
- Tuberculosis and pneumonia are both airborne bacterial diseases. These can spread by droplet infection through coughing, sneezing, talking and spitting.
1. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria named as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is an extremely stubborn disease treated by rifampin, isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide.
2. Pneumonia is caused by pneumococcal pneumonia bacteria. Symptoms of pneumonia include high fever, sharp chest pains, difficulty in breathing and cough that produces yellow-green sputum and occasionally blood. It is treated with the traditional drug penicillin; but tetracycline and chloramphenicol can be used as alternatives for people allergic to penicillin.

- Cholera, typhoid and Diarrhoea are food borne and water borne diseases.
1. Cholera - Cholera is caused by bacteria called Vibrio cholera. It results in profuse watery diarrhoea, with characteristic rice-water stools. The severe untreated cases can lead to rapid dehydration and death. Cholera is mainly a water-borne disease.
2. Typhoid - Typhoid fever is caused by bacteria called Salmonella typhi. Salmonella typhi is transmitted by the five Fs: flies, food, fingers, faeces and fomites; humans are the only host.
3. Diarrhoea is included as symptoms in various diseases. In it the body loses water through vomiting and continuous stools.

- Chicken pox is a skin disease/ dermotropic viral disease. Varicella zoster virus is the causative agent for this disease.

- Rabies and Polio are neurotropic viral diseases.
1. Rabies is caused by a single stranded RNA virus of the Rhabdoviridae family, the most common reservoir of rabies are dogs.
2. Polio is also called poliomyelitis. The grey matter, which is the nervous tissue of the spinal cord, is affected by this disease. It is caused by single stranded RNA belonging to the picornaviridae family.

The correct answer is ( C ) i.e. Tuberculosis and Pneumonia.

Note: The human body has the ability to resist all types of foreign particles, including infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and their toxins. The ability of the host body cells to fight the disease-causing organisms, conferred by the immune system is called immunity.