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Question: Which of the following cannot be used to prepare an emulsion of benzene in water. (A) \[C{H_3} - ...

Which of the following cannot be used to prepare an emulsion of benzene in water.
(A) CH3−(CH2)9−(SO3)−Na+C{H_3} - {(C{H_2})_9} - {(S{O_3})^ - }N{a^ + }
(B) CH3−(CH2)9−COO−Na+C{H_3} - {(C{H_2})_9} - CO{O^ - }N{a^ + }
(C) CH3−(CH2)9−NH3+Cl−C{H_3} - {(C{H_2})_9} - N{H_3}^ + C{l^ - }
(D) (CH3)4N+Br−{(C{H_3})_4}{N^ + }B{r^ - }

Explanation

Solution

Hint : In the above question we have to determine which of the following cannot be used as an emulsifier. For that one of the simplest methods is to first look for that chemical formula which has a hydrophobic chain with the number of carbon greater or equal five.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
Emulsion is used to represent a colloidal dispersion in which both the dispersed phase and dispersion medium are liquids. The two liquids involved are otherwise immiscible. The dispersed phase means the substance which is distributed in the dispersion medium in the form of colloidal particles and dispersion medium means the substance which is dispersed in the form of colloidal particles.
To prepare an emulsion one requires a surface active agent or also known as surfactant. Hey are the wetting agents. Surface active agents lowers the surface tension between two liquids, between a gas and a liquid , or between a liquid and a solid. These agents act as detergents, emulsifiers , foaming agents or dispersants.
They are amphiphilic compounds with two opposing portions, one part is hydrophilic and the other is hydrophobic. They reduce the free energy of the system by replacing the bulk molecules of higher energy at an interface.
Now let's look at the options given to us.
Since all the options given to us have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end, let's test whether the second condition which is number of carbon to be greater than five.
In the option d the number of carbon is less than five, therefore it cannot be used to prepare an emulsion of benzene in water.

Note :
Hydrophobic end is the water fearing or repulsive end and hydrophilic is water attacking end. Hydrophobic part attaches to the oil or the non-polar liquids like benzene and the hydrophilic part attaches to the water.