Question

Which of the following Bt crops is being grown in India by the farmers?
(a)Maize
(b)Cotton
(c)Brinjal
(d)Soybean

Answer 1

In short, the transgene inserted into the plant's genome produces toxin crystals that the plant wouldn't normally produce which, when ingested by a particular population of organisms, dissolves the gut lining, leading to the organism's death.

Complete answer

1. India is the world's second-biggest cotton delivery nation.
2. Cotton crops are generally affected by insects and pests like cotton bollworm and caterpillars.
3. Cotton crops are joined with genes that produce a protein called Bt poisons to slaughter the insects and pests.
4. This gene is acquired from Bacillus thuringiensis . Such kind of hereditarily adjusted cotton crops are known as Bt cotton.
5. The gene produces the toxin during a crystal form which is that of the inactive state but once an insect ingests the inactive toxin, it's converted into a lively form of poison because of the soluble pH of the gut which solubilizes the crystal.
6. The enacted toxin ties to the outside of midgut epithelial cells and makes pores that cause cell expansion and lysis and in the long run cause the passing of the insect.
7. and hence to extend the cotton production and to attenuate the harm/loss within the production, in India Bt cotton is grown extensively by farmers.

Additional information
The Bt cotton plants are genetically modified by the addition of genes encoding toxin crystals within the Cry group of endotoxin. When ingested by insects, the Cry toxins are dissolved and activated by the high pH environment of the animal's digestive system. In the midgut, the activated Cry molecules bind to cadherin-like proteins on cells comprising the comb border membrane. The epithelium of the comb border membrane has the function of maintaining separation of the body cavity from the gut while allowing absorption of nutrients from the digested food bolus. Cry toxin ties to explicit areas on the cadherin-like proteins present on the epithelial cells of the midgut and structure particle channels permitting potassium particles to be expected in the cells.

So the correct answer is ‘Cotton’.

Note: Because the control of potassium ion concentration is critical to the survival of each living cell, they're tightly regulated under normal function. With the formation of Cry ion channels and therefore the subsequent efflux of potassium ions, the affected epithelial cells lyse and die. This makes holes inside the brush outskirt layer, permitting microbes and Bt spores to enter the body hole. Hence, the insect will die of inside contamination subsequent to ingesting a Bt crop.