Question

Which of the following are characteristics of both bacteria and fungi?
A.Cell wall, unicellular and mitochondria
B.Cell wall, DNA, and plasma membrane
C.The plasma membrane, multicellularity, and Golgi apparatus
D.Nucleus, organelles, and unicellularity

Answer 1

Microorganisms can be unicellular, multicellular, or in cell clusters and are mainly grouped into bacteria, Archae, fungi, protozoa, and algae and all these types of microorganisms have their unique cellular composition, morphology, means of locomotion, and reproduction.

Complete step by step answer: Fungi are eukaryotes and multicellular microorganisms whereas bacteria are prokaryotic unicellular microorganisms. While bacteria lack cell organelles, fungi have cell organelles like mitochondria and ribosomes of the 80S. The cell wall of bacteria is mainly made up of peptidoglycan whereas, the cell wall of fungi is mainly made up of chitin. Both the bacteria and fungi have cell membranes present inside the cell wall. Fungi being eukaryote has a membrane-bound nucleus which contains the genetic DNA, whereas bacteria being prokaryotic microorganism do not contain a membrane-bound nucleus and its DNA is not present in a nucleoid structure. The genetic DNA is linear DNA in bacteria and it also has an extrachromosomal DNA called a plasmid that is circular in shape, whereas, fungi have mitochondrial plasmid DNA as its extrachromosomal DNA but bacterias lack organelles like mitochondria and chloroplast. Fungi DNA can be both circular and linear depending on the species.
Hence, the correct answer is an option (B).

Additional information:
Bacteria are present in different shapes like a spiral, round, and rod-like called spirilla, cocci, and bacilli respectively, and fungi are mainly present as a thread-like structure called hyphae.

Note: Bacteria reproduce asexually, whereas fungi reproduce asexually or sexually depending on the species. Bacteria are mostly heterotrophs that obtain energy from sugar, protein, and fats and some can be autotrophs too, and fungi are heterotrophs that feed on the dead and decayed matter.