Question

Which is multicellular and splits longitudinally along dorsal sutures?
(a) Septicidal
(b) Capsular
(c) Loculicidal
(d) Septifragal

Answer 1

The capsule that is split lengthwise is multicellular and splits along the dorsal sutures to separate each locule into two parts. As in the fruits of irises and lilies, they dehiscence longitudinally along the capsule wall between the divisions of the locule.

Complete step by step answer:
Loculicidal is a type of dry fruit capsule in which the fruit dehisces through dorsal sutures longitudinally. Loculicidal is a multicellular variant of capsular fruit present at the back of loculi, which dehisces along a dorsal suture. In violet (Viola) berries, certain conditions occur.
Loculicidal capsules have longitudinal dehiscent lines radially associated with the locules along the midrib or dorsal suture (seam) of the locules, i.e. not at the septa. The dehiscence lines are between the placentae while septa are absent.
So, the correct answer is, '(c) Loculicidal'.

Additional information: The capsule is dehiscent in most cases, i.e. it breaks apart (dehisces) at maturity to release the seeds inside. According to the form and position of dehiscence, capsules are also categorized into four groups. They are loculicidal, septicidal, poricidal, and circumscissile.
- Septicidal capsules, between the carpals, have dehiscent lines aligned with the sutures of the septa or placenta ovary.
- Poricidal capsules dehisce the seeds that escape through these pores through pores (openings) in the capsule, as in Papaver.
- Circumscissile capsules have a transverse rather than longitudinal dehiscent axis so that the upper part of the capsule normally forms an opening terminal lid (operculum) . An example of circumscissile is Plantago.
- Of a single cell, capsular fruits are produced.
- Septifragal dehiscence, revealing the axially placed seeds, appears as a tin that can be broken open.

Note: A capsule in botany is a type of simple, dry, but rarely fleshy dehiscent fruit produced by many angiosperm (flowering plant) species. A compound (multicarpeled) ovary is derived from the capsule. A capsule is a device consisting of two carpels or more. The word locule (or cell) in (flowering plants) is used to refer to a chamber inside the fruit. Fruits can be categorized as unilocular (unilocular) , bilocular, trilocular, or multilocular, depending on the number of locules in the ovary.