Question

Which hybridization has the maximum bond angle?

Answer 1

Hint : Hybridization: The mixing of orbitals with different energy levels to form hybrid orbitals having similar energies to favour chemical bonding is known as hybridization. Hybridization is the greatest factor which affects bond angles or bond strength of a molecule.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
Bond angle: It is the angle between two bonds that are bonded to the same atom of a molecule.
It varies with hybridization of the molecule as greater the $\%$ s character in hybridised state, the greater will be its bond angle. Hence hybridization which has maximum $\%$ s character will have maximum bond angle.
Types of hybridization:
$sp -$ hybridization:
$\%$ s character $= \dfrac{1}{2} \times 100 \Rightarrow 50\%$
-For a given hybridized state, the geometry of the molecule is linear and the bond angle is ${180^o}$ .
$s{p^2} -$ hybridization:
$\%$ s character $= \dfrac{1}{3} \times 100 \Rightarrow 33.3\%$
-For a given hybridized state, the geometry of the molecule is Trigonal planar and bond angle is ${120^o}$ .
$s{p^3} -$ hybridization:
$\%$ s character $= \dfrac{1}{4} \times 100 \Rightarrow 25\%$
-For a given hybridized state, the geometry of the molecule is tetrahedral and bond angle is ${109^o}28'$ .
$s{p^3}d -$ hybridization:
$\%$ s character $= \dfrac{1}{5} \times 100 \Rightarrow 20\%$
-For a given hybridized state, the geometry of the molecule is Trigonal bipyramidal and as axial and equatorial bonds are present in the structure so it has two values of bond angle. Bond angle between the axial and equatorial bond is ${90^o}$ and the bond angle between two equatorial bonds is ${120^o}$ .
$s{p^3}{d^2} -$ hybridization:
$\%$ s character $= \dfrac{1}{6} \times 100 \Rightarrow 16.67\%$
-For a given hybridized state, the geometry of the molecule is octahedral and the bond angle is ${90^o}$ .
Hence, $sp -$ hybridization has the maximum bond angle.

Note :
The bond angles are one of the important bond factors of the molecules. The values of bond angles can be used to compare bond strength, bond order and bond energy of the molecule. Also it can be used to determine the hybridization state and structure of the molecule.