Question

Which hormone secretion is under nervous control?
A) Adrenal cortex
B) Anterior pituitary
C) Posterior pituitary
D) Pineal body

Answer 1

A hormone is a chemical messenger that is produced by glands in multicellular organisms. These are secreted directly into the blood and carried to different organs and tissues of the body to perform their functions. Hormones are secreted by ductless, endocrine glands of the body. The gland that is under nervous control is also called neurohypophysis.

Complete answer:
The hormones of posterior pituitary are stored in axon endings and are secreted under nervous control. It includes hormones such as luteinizing hormone, thyroid hormones, cortisol, etc. The posterior pituitary gland is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary and serve as a site for the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones directly into the blood. It contains many neuronal projections of magnocellular neurosecretory cells extending from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.
i. Adrenal cortex: It is situated at the top of each kidney and forms the outer portion of the adrenal gland. Hormones of the adrenal cortex are glucocorticoid, which is under the control of hypothalamus and pituitary gland, and that of mineralocorticoid is under the kidney.
ii. Anterior pituitary: It is a small gland located below the hypothalamus. Hormones secreted are under the control of the hypothalamus.
iii. Pineal body: It is a small endocrine gland which is located on the back portion of the third cerebral ventricle of the brain.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Note: Posterior pituitary produces two hormones: vasopressin and oxytocin. These hormones are secreted when the hypothalamus sends messages through the nerve cells to the pituitary gland. Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). It is a collection of axonal projections connected to the hypothalamus.