Question

Which halogen shows an oxidation state of -1 only?

Answer 1

The halogens are a set of five chemically related elements in the periodic table: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (A) (At). Tennessine (Ts), an artificially produced element, may also be a halogen. This group is designated as group 17 in contemporary IUPAC nomenclature. The word "halogen" literally means "salt-producing." When halogens react with metals, a variety of salts are produced, including calcium fluoride, sodium chloride (table salt), silver bromide, and potassium iodide.

Complete answer:
Let's start by looking at the many oxidation states that halides may achieve. Halides have a typical electrical arrangement of $n{{s}^{2}}n{{p}^{5}}$ . In the outermost shell of halides, there are 7 electrons that can be employed in bonding, as seen in the typical electrical configuration. Because the nucleus and electrons are attracted by a strong electric force, the inner electrons do not participate in bonding.
In halides, there are two options: they can acquire one electron or give up to seven electrons to produce a stable structure. This is how they can have oxidation states of +1,-1, +3, +5, and +7. It's worth noting that when one electron is donated, the following electron gets more difficult to donate. As a result, the +7 configuration is more uncommon than the +5 configuration, and so on.
Because of the existence of the d orbital, halides like Cl, Br, and I can reach +1,-1, +3, +5, and +7.
The situation of F, on the other hand, is a little different; it only exhibits +1 and -1 since it has a d orbital that can accommodate electrons.

Note:
At normal temperature and pressure, the halogens are the only periodic table group that contains elements in three of the major states of matter. When halogens are linked to hydrogen, they all produce acids. The majority of halogens are produced from minerals or salts. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine, the middle halogens, are frequently employed as disinfectants. The most common type of flame retardant is organic bromides, but elemental halogens are hazardous and can be fatal.