Question

Which group of plants among the following produce seeds?
A. Gymnosperms
B. Pteridophytes
C. Bryophytes
D. Thallophytes

Answer 1

It includes cycads, conifers, gnetophytes, and ginkgoes. They are vascular plants in the Embryophyta group. The pines, spruces, fir trees and ginkgos are some of the most visible shrubs and trees.

Complete answer:
A seed is an embryonic plant that is enclosed on an exterior protective cover. The development of the seed is part of the seed plant breeding process. After fertilisation and some growth in the mother plant seeds are formed by the ripened ovule. The embryo is formed with the zygote and the seed coat with the ovule integuments. There are two essential parts of a common seed: an embryo and a seed coat.

Gymnosperms are flowerless plants containing cones and seeds. The word 'gymnosperm' means "naked seed" since the seeds of gymnosperm are not contained in an ovary. They are instead exposed to leaf-like structures known as bracts. Gymnosperms include cycads, conifers, gnetophytes, and ginkgoes. They are vascular plants in the Embryophyta group. The pines, spruces, fir trees and ginkgos are some of the most visible shrubs and trees. In temperate forests and boreal biomes forest gymnosperms abound with species able to tolerate dry or damp conditions.

Pteridophytes are vascular plants that disperses spore (with xylem and phloem). Since the pteridophytes neither produce flowers nor seeds, they are often referred to as cryptogams, so their reproductive means are concealed.

Bryophytes are an informal group of non-vascular soil plants including liverworts, hornworts and mosses. They are characteristically small in size and favor humid habitats, but in drier environments they can live. Bryophytes develop closed reproductive structures but not flowers or seeds. They replicate by spores.
Thallophytes are non-mobile species traditionally referred to as thalloid, relatively simple plants, or lower plants. There is a hidden reproductive system for thallophytes and thus they are often integrated with ferns.

Thus, the correct answer is option A. i.e., Gymnosperms.

Note: There are two different regions inside the seed coat, one upper-larger endosperm and one smaller embryo in endosperm seeds. The embryo is the fertilised ovule from which a new plant develops in good conditions. In monocotyledons the embryo has 1 cotyledon; in almost every dicotyledon, 2 cotyledons, and in gymnosperms two or more. The single monocotyledon is shielded and thus called scutellum in the fruit of grains. The scutellum is pressed strongly against the endosperm from which the food is consumed and transferred to the rising parts.