Question

Which catalyst is used in hydrogenation of oils and fats?

Answer 1

The most commonly used catalyst for the hydrogenation of oils and fats is a nickel catalyst. Nickel catalysts are typically used in the form of finely divided nickel metal or nickel compounds, such as nickel oxide (NiO) or nickel on a support material like silica or alumina. These catalysts facilitate the addition of hydrogen gas (H₂) to the carbon-carbon double bonds present in unsaturated fatty acids, leading to the conversion of liquid vegetable oils into more solid fats or semi-solid products like margarine or shortening. Hydrogenation improves the stability and shelf life of oils and fats by reducing their susceptibility to oxidation and rancidity.

These catalysts facilitate the addition of hydrogen gas to the carbon-carbon double bonds present in unsaturated fatty acids, converting them into saturated fats. This process is utilized in the food industry to produce solid fats from liquid vegetable oils, thereby improving the texture, shelf life, and cooking properties of various food products.