Question

Which are the correct combinations?
1. Common cold - Droplet transmission
2. Typhoid - Contaminated food
3. AIDS - Shaking hands
4. Ringworm - Using infected towels

(a)1 and 2
(b)1 and 3
(c)1, 2, and 4
(d)3 and 4

Answer 1

Infectious diseases have various ways of transmission. These diseases can spread from one person to another by direct physical contact, exposure of body fluids from an infected person, or by sharing infected objects. Some of these diseases do not get spread by physical contact.

Complete answer:
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It is classified as a viral infection.
- HIV can be spread from one person to another only by direct contact with certain body fluids that contain a detectable viral load.
- HIV spreads through unprotected penetrative sex, sharing of hypodermic needles, through organ transplant and blood transfusion, kissing while one has open sores, cuts, and wounds, and from mother to a child through birth and breastfeeding.
- HIV does not spread by air, water, by mosquito bites, or by healthy skin contact. It does not spread by shaking hands, saliva, or sweat.

Additional Information:
- Common cold (or cold) is a viral infection. It spreads from one person to another from coughing and sneezing as they spread the virus through droplets.
- Typhoid is a bacterial infection that spreads through the consumption of contaminated food and water.
- Ringworm is a fungal infection that is spread by contact and by touching surfaces that have been previously touched or been rubbed by individuals suffering from it.

So, the correct answer is ‘1, 2, and 4’.

Note: - Ringworm is also known as dermatophytosis.
- For HIV transmission to occur, the virus in the body fluids must get into the bloodstream of an HIV-negative person through a mucous membrane that is found in the mouth or genitals, open cuts or sores, or by direct injection.
- Ringworm can occur more easily in individuals with immunodeficiency.