Question

Which among the following protocols is also related to the access and benefit sharing (ABS) mechanism?
A. Kyoto protocol
B. Nagoya protocol
C. Geneva protocol
D. Cartagena protocol

Answer 1

ABS is the Mechanism called access and benefit sharing. It is defined how genetic resources are accessed and the benefits results based on the use. And they are shared between the people or countries who use the resources and who provide the Resources. It is the fair distribution of benefits from users. ABS is the system which is under the public international law. Basic principle of the ABS system is convention on biological diversity. It contains two stages: the descriptive approach and empirical approach.

Complete answer:
Option A Kyoto protocol: Kyoto protocol is an agreement which aims to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and presence of greenhouse gases. The need for this protocol is to know the amount of carbon dioxide emission by the industries. It has five main elements. They are binding commitments, implementation, accounting, compliance, minimizing impact by establishing adoption funds.
Option A is incorrect.
Option B Nagoya protocol: Nagoya protocol is an access to genetic resources and the equal share of benefits from utilization of biological diversity. So it acts on an access and benefit sharing with respect to biological diversity. This protocol addresses the traditional knowledge on genetic resources. This protocol is covered by the CBD.
Option B is the correct answer.
Option C Geneva protocol: Geneva protocol is for the prohibition of chemical gases, poisonous gas and some other poisoning bacteria. And it also prohibits the use of chemical and biological weapons which is not allowed by the government. This protocol was provided during the world war and all other countries are accepted for not using such poisonal and chemical weapons.
Option C is incorrect.
Option D Cartagena protocol: Cartagena protocol is for bio safety. It is a convention on biological diversity effective since $2003$. It contributes to the safety transfer, handling and use of living organisms created by modern biotechnology.
Option D is incorrect.

Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

Note:
The Convention has three main goals : conservation of biological diversity, sustained use of its components and fair sharing of benefits by genetic resources. It is used to develop the national strategy for conservation of biodiversity. This is known as biosafety protocol. Nagoya protocol creates incentive for conserving biological diversity. This protocol covers $70$ countries and it is under international law. It is the domestic level of benefit sharing measures.