Question

Which among the following protocols is also related to the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) mechanisms?
(A)Kyoto protocol
(B)Nagoya protocol
(C)Geneva Protocol
(D)Cartagena Protocol

Answer 1

Its objective is to share the advantages that generate from the use of genetic resources equally and equitably, thus leading to the preservation and effective use of biodiversity.

Complete answer:
First we should know about international environmental agreements to answer this question. Most of the international environmental agreements are legal binding for countries that have officially ratified them. Some, such as the Kyoto Protocol, distinguish between types of nations and the various responsibilities of each country under the agreement. There are several hundred international environmental conventions, but only a small number of countries are related to most of the agreements.
Now, let us find the solution from the options-
1.The kyoto protocol is a treaty extending the 1992 UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) to bind states to reduce carbon emissions, based on the scientific consensus that global warming is happening and that it is highly likely to have been triggered largely by human-made CO 2 emissions. Thus, the option A is incorrect.
2.A 2010 supplemental resolution to the 1992 CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) is the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Equal and Egalitarian Allocation of Benefits Resulting from their Use under the Convention on Biological Diversity, also said as the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS). Its aim is to fulfill one of the CBD's three objectives: to distribute equally and equitably the profits resulting from the use of genetic tools, thus leading to the protection and sustainable use of biodiversity. It sets out responsibilities for its contracting parties to take action with respect to access to, benefit-sharing, and compliance with genetic resources.
3.The Convention prohibiting the use of asphyxiating, toxic or other chemicals and bacteriological means of warfare in war, generally referred to as the Geneva Protocol, is a protocol restricting the use of nuclear and biological agents in foreign military conflicts. It was signed on 17 June 1925 in Geneva and came into effect on 8 February 1928. Thus, option C is incorrect.
4.The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the CBD is an international consensus aimed at ensuring the safe storage, transport, and use of modern biotechnology of living modified organisms (LMOs) which could have adverse effects on biological diversity, taking into consideration risks to human health as well.
Thus, option D is incorrect.

Hence, the correct answer is option(B).

Note: The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol ensure that genetic resources are available only if the nation supplying those resources has prior informed consent, and that profits arising from their use are shared.