Question

Where glycolysis takes place in a cell? What is the end product? How many net ATP are produced in these steps? Write steps of glycolysis.

Answer 1

Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration processes start with a common process called 'glycolysis'. It consists of a series of reactions and converts 6-carbon atom 'glucose' to 3-carbon atoms 'pyruvic acids'. It does not require oxygen.

Complete answer:
The entire process of glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell. The reactions follow up with the breakdown of glucose. The end product of the process is pyruvic acid, with the production of ATP. The net ATP molecules produced in glycolysis are 2.
Steps of Glycolysis
-Glucose is phosphorylated by an ATP molecule to produce Glucose 6 Phosphate.
-Then the glucose 6 phosphate is isomerized in presence of phosphohexose isomerase and fructose 6 phosphate is produced.
-The fructose 6 phosphate is again phosphorylated by another ATP molecule to yield fructose 1, 6-diphosphate.
-3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and Dihydroxy acetone are formed in the following reactions.
-The 3 phosphoglyceraldehyde reacting with phosphoric acid, produce 1,3-diphosphoglyceraldehyde.
-1,3-diphosphoglyceraldehyde is dehydrogenated to produce 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid.
-One phosphate group is removed from each 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid to join with an ADP molecule. Two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid are formed along with ATP molecules.
-3-phosphoglyceric acid is rearranged to 2-phosphoglyceric acid by the reaction catalyzed by phosphoglyceromutase.
-2-phosphoglyceric acid is further converted into phosphoenol-pyruvic acid by the enzyme enolase.
-With the removal of one phosphate group, phosphoenol-pyruvic acid is converted into pyruvic acid.

Note:
-It is the fundamental process of respiration.
-It is also known as the EMP pathway after the scientists Embden, Meyerhoff and Parnas.
-The end product of glycolysis is pyruvic acid, which undergoes either aerobic or anaerobic respiration.