Question

Where do microorganisms live?

Answer 1

Microorganisms are too small to be seen by naked eyes. The microorganism isn't found within the environment that has been made artificially sterile by humans. Even these must be constantly sterilized and punctiliously protected, lest microorganisms are tracked in from the surface world.

Complete step by step answer:
Microorganisms are found virtually everywhere. They reside in humans as well. They can be useful or harmful.
Friendly microorganisms
- Bacteria survive and in our bodies and keep us alive!
- The skin and mucous membranes always harbour a spread of microorganisms which will be arranged into two groups: resident flora and transient flora
- Resident flora: The resident flora consists of relatively fixed sorts of microorganisms regularly found during a given area at a given age; If disturbed, it promptly re-establishes itself.
- Normal flora are microorganisms that are frequently found at a particular site during a normal healthy individual, they're mostly bacteria and it doesn't cause any illness.
- Normal flora is split into different types:
Commensals Natural relationship with the host
Residents Present for an extended time
Transients Present for a brief time
Carrier state- this sort is different from the opposite – potential pathogenic Ex: Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Importance of Normal Flora Normal flora may aid the host in several ways:
Aid within the digestion of food
Help the event of mucosa immunity
Protect the host from colonization with pathogenic microbes.
Examples
- Lactobacillus acidophilus and a vaginal squamous somatic cell.
- Streptococcus mutans, the most bacteria implicated in the cavity
- Propionibacterium acnes Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Neisseria species - throat.
- Clostridium difficile - intestine
- Enterococcus faecalis ‐ intestineBifidobacterium bifidum
Harmful microorganisms
- Some microorganisms cause diseases in plants and animals. Such disease- causing microorganisms are called pathogens.
- Some microorganisms can also grow in food substances and produce toxic substances and make the food poisonous. Gastrointestinal disorder causes illness and even death.
- Some microorganisms are responsible for spoiling materials like clothing, leather, wood etc.
- Disease- causing microorganisms to enter our body through air, water, food, contact or insects. These microorganisms are called pathogens.
- Diseases which may spread from an infected person to a healthy person are called communicable diseases.
Examples
Cholera, cold, chickenpox, tuberculosis etc.
Some insects and animals also act as carriers of disease- causing microbes. Eg:- Housefly, Female anopheles mosquito (malaria), Female Aedes mosquito (dengue fever) etc

Note: E. coli is that the best- known bacterium that often associates itself with humans, being an invariable component of the human intestinal tract albeit E. coli is the most studied of all bacteria, and that we know the precise location and sequence of 4,288 genes on its chromosome, we don't fully understand its ecological relationship with humans.
Some common human diseases caused by microorganisms

Human disease	Causative Mode of microorganism transmission
Chickenpox Virus	Air / Contact
Polio Virus	Air / Water
Measles Virus	Air
Hepatitis – B Virus	Water
Tuberculosis Bacteria	Air
Cholera Bacteria	Water / Food
Typhoid Bacteria	Water
Malaria Protozoa	Mosquito