Question

When adenine is attached to ribose sugar, it is called adenosine. To make a nucleotide, would it require ?
A. Oxygenation
B. Addition of a base
C. Addition of phosphate
D. Hydrogenation

Answer 1

Nucleotide is an organic molecule. It is a compound consisting of three parts that are :- A nucleobase , pentose sugar (either ribose or deoxy-rebose ) and a phosphate group. Adenine is a nucleobase

Complete step by step answer: As per question, adenine (a nucleobase) is attached to ribose sugar .
Ie. ${\text{a nucleobase + ribose sugar}}$ $\to {\text{nucleoside}}$
Nucleoside A adenine and ribose sugar is known as adenosine. Its structure is as shown below.

When one or more phosphates are added with a nucleoside, it forms a nucleotide.
$\operatorname{ie} .\;\;\;nucleoside\; + \;phosphate \to nucleotide$
Therefore, we need to add phosphate in adenine to make it a nucleotide. nucleotide of adenine is adenine phosphate which consists of :-
${\text{Adenine + ribose sugar }} \to {\text{ Adenosine}}$
${\text{Adenosine + 3 phosphate }} \to {\text{Adenosine triphosphate}}$
The structure of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is :-

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of a cell. It is involved in signal transductions as a substrate for kinase enzymes that transfer phosphate groups. ATP is an essential monomer required to synthesize RNA.
Hence, the correct option is (C) Addition of phosphate.

Note: There are five nucleotides is ${\text{APT}} \to$Adenosine triphosphate, ${\text{GPT}} \to$Guanosine triphosphate, ${\text{CPT}} \to$Cytidine triphosphate, ${\text{UPT}} \to$Uridine triphosphate and ${\text{TTP}} \to$Thymidine triphosphate each of nucleobase Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil and thymine respectively