Question

What was the major drawback of the Bohr model that caused scientists to replace it?

Answer 1

Bohr’s model is widely used to define the structure and stability of hydrogen atoms. It further explains the spectrum generated by hydrogen atoms. It is also used to determine the energy of electrons associated with different energy levels.

Complete answer:
Bohr’s theory for the structure of an atom is capable of predicting the energy values of an electron while it revolves around the nucleus of a hydrogen atom. Despite of huge success to Bohr’s theory there are some limitation associated with it-
The Bohr model fails to explain the fine details related with structure of hydrogen atoms like presence of doublet, presence of two close lines in hydrogen spectrum.
Bohr’s theory states that there is formation of only one spectral line when one electron moves from one energy state to another energy state. But with the help of advanced spectroscopy techniques, it is observed that one-line splits into a number of fine lines in the spectrum. Bohr’s fail to explain the presence of these lines in multielectron atoms.
Bohr theory was unable to explain the effect of magnetic field on the spectral behaviour of the hydrogen atom.
Bohr theory was unable to explain the effect of electric field on the spectral behaviour of the hydrogen atom.
Bohr’s theory fails to explain the different shapes of molecules which originated out of the directional bonding between atoms.
Bohr theory fails to explain the wave nature and particle nature of the particle which is known as the dual nature of the particle.
Bohr’s model fails to explain the theory of uncertainty in atoms.

Note:
Zeeman effect causes splitting of hydrogen spectral lines in the presence of magnetic fields. Stark’s effect explains the splitting of hydrogen spectral lines in the presence of electric fields. Dual nature of the atom was later explained by de Broglie while Heisenberg explains the uncertainty principle.