Question

What type of bonding is present within a network solid?

Answer 1

A chemical bond is a long-term attraction between atoms, ions, or molecules that allows chemical compounds to form. Ionic bonds are formed by the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions, whereas covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons.

Complete answer:
A network solid, also known as an atomic crystalline solid, is a chemical compound (or element) in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds in a continuous network that runs the length of the substance. There are no individual molecules in a network solid, therefore the entire crystal or amorphous solid can be called a macromolecule. Like ionic compounds, network solids formulas are simple ratios of the component atoms represented by a formula unit.
Diamond, which has a continuous network of carbon atoms and silicon dioxide, and quartz, which has a continuous three-dimensional network of $SiO_2$ units, are examples of network solids. Graphite and the mica group of silicate minerals are made up of layers of continuous two-dimensional sheets that are covalently linked inside the layer and held together by other bond types. Glasses are solids with a disordered network structure. These are generally produced when melts are rapidly cooled, leaving little time for atomic ordering to take place.
Due to the strong covalent connections found throughout the lattice, it is very hard (deformation can be easier, however, in directions that do not require the breaking of any covalent bonds, as with flexing or sliding of sheets in graphite or mica).
Melting point: high, because melting entails the dissolution of covalent bonds (rather than overcoming weaker intermolecular force).
Electrical conductivity in the solid state varies depending on the type of the bonding: network solids with all electrons utilised for sigma bonds (such as diamond) are poor conductors since there are no delocalized electrons. Network solids containing delocalized pi bonds (such as graphite) or dopants, on the other hand, can have metal-like conductivity.
Electrical conductivity in the liquid phase is low because the macromolecule is made up of neutral atoms, therefore melting does not release any new charge carriers (as it would for an ionic compound).
Due to the difficulties of solvating such a big molecule, it is often insoluble in any solvent.
Hence covalent bonding is the answer.

Note:
Diamond is a kind of carbon that has its atoms organised in a diamond cubic crystal structure. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the chemically stable form of carbon at normal temperature and pressure, although diamond nearly never transforms to it. Diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any natural substance, characteristics that make it ideal for cutting and polishing equipment in industry. They're also why diamond anvil cells may expose materials to pressures encountered deep down.