Question

What special name is given to the group of elements that are monatomic at room temperature?

Answer 1

The total number of atoms in a molecule is known as atomicity. Each molecule of oxygen (${{O}_{2}}$), for example, is made up of two oxygen atoms. As a result, the atomicity of oxygen is 2. The term atomicity is often used interchangeably with the term valency in older settings. Metals and certain other elements, such as carbon, do not have a simple structure; instead, they are made up of an infinite number of atoms that are linked together. Their atomicity can't be established, therefore it's typically assumed to be one.

Complete answer:
At ambient temperature, noble gases exist as monatomic elements because their valence shells are filled with eight valence electrons, making them stable without the need to react with other elements.
The noble gases (historically known as inert gases; sometimes known as aerogen) are a group of chemical elements with comparable characteristics. They are all odourless, colourless, monatomic gases with very little chemical reactivity under normal circumstances.
The elements in group-18 of the periodic table are known as noble gases. They are given the label noble gas since they do not react with other elements. Because of their electrical structure, they are not reactive.
$n{{s}^{2}}n{{p}^{6}}$ is the electrical configuration of noble gases in general. This indicates that their valence shell has a full octet arrangement. They have a high level of stability as a result of this.
Noble gas atoms do not mix with other atoms because of their great stability. As a result, they never form bonds with other atoms and are always monoatomic. The term "monatomic gas" refers to a gas with only one atom in its structure.

Note:
The noble gases are members of group 18 for the first six periods of the periodic table. Except under the most severe circumstances, noble gases are generally very inert. Noble gases' inertness makes them ideal for situations where no reactions are desired. For example, argon is used in incandescent lights to keep the hot tungsten filament from oxidising, while helium is used in deep-sea divers' breathing gas to prevent toxicity from oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide (hypercapnia).