Question

What principles are involved in the sonometer experiment?

Answer 1

Before we go into the question, let's have a look at what a sonometer is. A sonometer is a gadget that operates on the principle of resonance. It's used to examine the laws of vibration of stretched strings and to calculate the frequency of a tuning fork.

Complete answer:
"The body vibrates with a considerable amplitude when the frequency of the applied force is equivalent to the natural frequency of the body. The sound intensity will be at its highest. Resonance is the term for this phenomenon."

The link between frequency, tension, linear mass density, and length of a stretched string is studied using a sonometer. A sonometer is a device that works on the Resonance Principle. It is used to determine the frequency of a tuning fork and to check the laws of vibration of stretched strings.
$f = \dfrac{1}{{2l}} \cdot \sqrt {\dfrac{T}{m}}$
Where $f$ is the frequency, $T$ is the string's tension, $m$ is the string's linear mass density, and $l$ is the string's resonating length.It operates on the basis of standing waves. A standing wave is created when you pluck a string that is fixed at both ends.

Note: Vibrations from the tuning fork (which is aroused near the sonometer) are conveyed to the inside of the sonometer box through the holes in the sonometer box. As a result, the sonometer box, bridges, and string are all forced to vibrate at the tuning fork's frequency. As a result, holes are drilled into the sonometer box to allow the frequency of the string's vibration to be communicated to the inside hollow area of the box.