Question

What parameters are used for tiger census in our country’s national parks sanctuaries?
a. Pug marks only
b. Pug marks and fecal pellets
c. Fecal pellets only
d. Actual head counts

Answer 1

Need for Tiger Conservation:
-Tigers are at the highest level of the food chain and are sometimes noted as “umbrella species” their conservation also conserve many other species within the same area.
-The Tiger estimation exercise that features habitat assessment and prey estimation reflects the success or failure of Tiger conservation efforts.
-More than 80% of the world’s wild tigers are in India, and it’s crucial to stay track of their numbers.

Step by step answer: Tigers in India: India accounts for the majority of the three,500-odd tigers that are scattered among Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, land, Thailand and Vietnam. India’s five tiger landscapes are: Shivalik Hills and Gangetic Plains, Central Indian Landscape and Eastern Ghats, Western Ghats, North-East Hills and Brahmaputra Plains, and also the Sundarbans.
-The methodology of the Tiger Census: Indian Tiger Census is published by the Wildlife Institute of India. in line with the newest survey drained 2015 the population of tigers has increased in India from 1,706 in 2011 to 2,226 in 2014, leaving India as home to 70% of the worldwide wild tiger population.
-Different methods for Tiger Census are:
a) Pugmark technique: It has been one of the foremost popular ways of counting tigers. Each tiger is understood to go away a definite pugmark on the bottom and these are different from the others within the cat family. Photographs or plaster casts of those pugmarks are then analyzed to assess the tiger numbers. The study of pug marks can provide subsequent information reliably if analyzed skillfully:
• Presence of various species within the area of study.
• Identification of individual animals.
• Sex ratio and age of huge cats
b) Installation of cameras: Cameras may well be left in dense forests for several days to capture images
of individual tigers. But impractical to put in cameras at every place that's likely to possess tigers, and even in places where they’re installed, there’s no certainty that the tiger would walk into a camera’s
range.
c) Double-sampling method: This is the new method adopted by the Wildlife Institute of India in Tiger
Census. The primary stage involved a ground survey by the forest department. Under this forest department, staff collects evidence of the tiger’s presence like pugmarks, scat, scratches on trees, or other such unmistakable signs of tiger presence.
The next stage involves the camera trapping. Supported the bottom survey locations were chosen for installing cameras. These cameras are heat and motion-sensitive. They lie idle till they detect any motion
or a sudden change in temperature which implies, they capture nearly anything that moves — other
animals, even birds. Of these get captured by the camera. Each tiger is understood to possess a
really unique stripe pattern. This can be accustomed to differentiate one tiger from the opposite.

Note: Global Tiger Day was observed for the primary time in 2010 at the St. Petersburg Tiger Summit in Russia when all 13 tiger range countries came together for the primary time with the commitment of doubling the number of untamed tigers by 2022. It is widely known annually on July 29th. Global Tiger Recovery Plan which outlines how each country can contribute to the ambitious
goal, referred to as TX2.