Question

What is the state of being free of disease-causing microorganisms?

Answer 1

Firstly, we need to know what microorganism is. A microorganism or microbe is an organism that can be seen through a microscope. The study of microorganisms is called microbiology in Biology. Micro-organisms can be fungi, bacteria, virus, protists or archaea. These microorganisms may exist in its single cellular form or a colony of cells. Before the invention of the microscope living organisms were conveniently divided into two kingdoms, plant kingdom and animal kingdom.

Complete Answer:
The diseases caused by the microorganisms are-
1. Coliform Bacteria are generally the cause of Urinary Tract Infections or UTI.
2. Bacterial pathogens are the cause of food poisoning
3. Tetanus
4. TB or Tuberculosis
5. Cholera
6. Lyme
7. Anthrax
8. Botulism
9. Covid$- 19$
These are some diseases that are caused by microorganisms.
The state of being free from disease causing microorganisms is called Asepsis.
The asepsis refers to any procedure that is performed under sterile conditions. This includes both medical and laboratory techniques. There are two types of asepsis in medical science – medical asepsis and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis or clean asepsis reduces the number of microorganisms from an infection and prevents their spread. Where surgical asepsis or sterile asepsis includes procedures to remove microorganisms from an area and is practiced by medical surgeons and nurses.
For example, sterile equipment and fluids are used during forward medical and nursing procedures. In hospital operation theatres these kinds of processes are widely used. There the main aim is to keep patients free from hospital microorganisms.
In aseptic conditions a chronic low-level inflammation may develop as a result of stress, trauma or environmental factors. This is known as sterile inflammation. As in infections caused by microorganisms or pathogens the immune response is regulated by host receptors.

Note:
Despite the efforts to preserve asepsis during surgery there still persists a $1 - 3\%$chance of a surgical site infection or SSI. Infections are categorized in three types - Superficial incisional, Deep incisional and Organ. The first type is confined to the skin, the second type to the muscles and nearby tissues, and the third type to the organs not anatomically close to the operation site. The exact types of infection depend on the type of surgery but the most common bacteria that are responsible for Surgical Site Infections are Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli and coagulase-negative Staphylococci.