Question

What is the photosynthesis process? Write any two affective factors and explain their effects.

Answer 1

The primary function of photosynthesis is to convert solar energy into chemical energy and store that energy for future use. In short, the planet's living systems are powered by this process.

Complete answer:
Photosynthesis is a process in which $\mathrm{CO_2}$ is converted into carbohydrates in presence of light and chlorophyll by all organisms processing chlorophyll.
Factors influencing the rate of photosynthesis are as follows :
Light - with the increase in intensity photosynthesis increases.
$\mathrm{CO_2}$ - With an increase in the amount of $\mathrm{CO_2}$ in the atmosphere (0.03 to 0.04 %) it decreases.
Water - Photosynthesis decreases with a decrease in water.
Temperature - favorable temperature is 25-30 degrees celsius. It shows an adverse effect with an increase or decrease in temperature
$\mathrm{O_2}$ - Increase of $\mathrm{CO_2}$ in the environment decreases the rate of photosynthesis.

Additional Information: -Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs.
-Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth’s atmosphere and supplies most of the energy necessary for life on earth.
-The process of photosynthesis always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centers that contain green-colored pigment chlorophyll.
-In plants, these proteins are present inside organelles called a chloroplast.
-In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from water, producing oxygen gas.
-The three main stages of photosynthesis are:
Harvesting Radiant Energy - the plant absorbs light with the help of chloroplast.
Converting Radiant Energy – the plant converts light energy into a usable form of chemical energy to fuel the plant’s cells.
Storing Radiant Energy – plants use carbon dioxide and water from the soil to convert ATP and NADPH, resulting in the production of sugar, fatty acids, and glycerol.

Note: The term photosynthesis originated from the Greek word phos meaning light and synthesis meaning putting together. The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, rather than water, as sources of electrons. Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100-115 billion tons of carbon into biomass per year.