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Question: What is the percentage of \({\text{s}}\) character in \({\text{s}}{{\text{p}}^{\text{3}}}\) hybridiz...

What is the percentage of s{\text{s}} character in sp3{\text{s}}{{\text{p}}^{\text{3}}} hybridized orbital?

Explanation

Solution

Hybrid orbitals are the product of a model that combines atomic orbitals on a single atom in ways that result in a new collection of orbitals with geometries suitable for forming bonds in the VSEPR model's predicted directions.

Complete answer:
The term "sp3{\text{s}}{{\text{p}}^{\text{3}}} hybridization" refers to the process of combining the characteristics of one 2s2s orbital with three 2p{\text{2p}} orbitals to produce four hybrid orbitals with identical properties. An atom must have a s{\text{s}} orbital and three p{\text{p}} orbitals in order to be sp3{\text{s}}{{\text{p}}^{\text{3}}}hybridised.
The orbitals are defined as the regions of space where electrons reside and are represented by the letters s,p,d{\text{s,p,d}} and f{\text{f}} where s,p,d,f{\text{s,p,d,f}} denotes Sharp, Principal, Diffuse and Fundamental respectively.
Subshells inside a shell are designated by the letters s, p, d{\text{s,}}\,{\text{p,}}\,{\text{d}} and f{\text{f}}, and their values are determined by an azimuthal quantum number. The s{\text{s}} orbitals are spherical, while the p{\text{p}} orbitals are polar and oriented in specific directions (x,y,z)\left( {{\text{x,y,z}}} \right). s, p, d and f{\text{s,}}\,{\text{p,}}\,{\text{d}}\,{\text{and}}\,{\text{f}}orbitals can hold 2, 6, 10, 142,\,6,\,10,\,14electrons respectively.
The percentage of s{\text{s}}character in sp3{\text{s}}{{\text{p}}^{\text{3}}}hybridized orbital is 25%25\% .

Additional Information:
The aim of hybridization is to determine which types of bonds the atoms share, whether they are sigma or pi bonds. Different types of bonds have different properties, such as the fact that pi bonds do not allow rotation but sigma bonds do.

Note:
Bonding in alkenes and methane is explained by hybridisation theory. The amount of p{\text{p}} or s{\text{s}} character, which is determined primarily by orbital hybridisation, can be used to predict molecular properties like acidity or basicity with high accuracy.