Question

What is the main function of vacuole in plants and animals?

Answer 1

The term "vacuole" literally means "empty space." They aid with the storage and disposal of a variety of materials. They have the ability to store food and other nutrients that a cell needs to thrive. They also serve to store waste and keep the entire cell safe from contamination.
A vacuole is a membrane-bound structure found in the cytoplasmic matrix of a cell. The vacuole is surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast. The contents of the vacuole, known as the cell sap, are distinct from the cytoplasm that surrounds it.

Complete answer:
Functions of vacuole-
Storage- Salts, minerals, colours, and proteins are all stored in a vacuole within a cell. Cell sap refers to the liquid that fills a vacuole. The vacuole also contains protons from the cytoplasm, which aids in the cell's acidic environment. In addition, the vacuoles store a huge amount of lipids.
Turgor pressure- The water-filled vacuoles put pressure on the cell wall. Turgor pressure is the term for this. It gives the cell structure and helps it endure harsh conditions.
Endocytosis and exocytosis- A vacuole takes in the compounds by endocytosis and excretes them via exocytosis. These chemicals are isolated from the cytosol and stored in the cells. Food is ingested and digested by lysosomes, which are vesicles. Endocytosis occurs in a variety of ways in different cells.
A vacuole is membrane-bounded. Vacuoles are tiny compartments in animal cells that assist sequester waste materials. Plant cells have vacuoles that help keep the water balance. A single vacuole can occasionally take up the bulk of a plant cell's interior volume.

Note:
Types of vacuoles-
Sap vacuole- It has a variety of transport mechanisms for the transportation of various substances. Animal cells and immature plant cells both have a number of tiny sap vacuoles. The tiny vacuoles in mature plant cells combine to produce a single big central vacuole.
Contractile vacuole- The membrane of a contractile vacuole is very extendable and collapsible. It also has a few feeding channels attached to it. The feeding tubes get water from the surrounding cytoplasm.
Food vacuole- The union of a phagosome and a lysosome results in the formation of a food vacuole. Digestive enzymes are found in the food vacuole, which aid in the digestion of nutrients. The digested materials are released into the cytoplasm.
Air vacuole- A single air vacuole does not exist, nor is it enclosed by a shared membrane. It is made up of several tiny sub-microscopic vesicles. A protein membrane surrounds each vesicle, which contains metabolic gases.