Question

What is the importance of the utilization of cyanobacteria as Biofertilizers? Explain.

Answer 1

Biofertilizer are often defined as biological products containing living microorganisms that, when applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil, promote growth by several mechanisms like increasing the availability of nutrients, increasing root biomass or root area and increasing nutrient uptake capacity of the plant.

Complete answer:
A biofertilizer may be a substance which contains living microorganisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the inside of the plant and promote growth by increasing the availability or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant.
Blue-Green Algae or Cyanobacteria: Cyanobacteria like Anabaena , Nostoc , Plectonema , and other non-symbiotic prokaryotes perform organic processes. Cyanobacteria have special cells called heterocyst. The Nif gene present in these cells does an organic process.
Rice fields are ideal for the expansion of cyanobacteria, hence the utilization of cyanobacteria in paddy fields increases the assembly of rice. Nowadays, one aquatic pteridophyte called Azolla is additionally used alongside cyanobacteria as an algal biofertilizer in Southern and South-East Asia.
The Azolla may be a floating water fern. Leaves of Azolla contain cyanobacteria Anabaena azollae which fix atmospheric Nitrogen. Anabaena pinata is additionally an honest biofertilizer. When it's utilized in combination with Azolla , it can increase rice production by 50%. Anabaena azollae is commercially produced at the Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack.
The important sorts of biofertilizers:

1. Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria.
2. Loose Association of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria.
3. Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria.
4. Free-Living Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria.

Note:
Blue chlorophytes fix the atmospheric nitrogen which increases the quantity of nitrogen in soil hence fertility.bacteria digest the waste which act as manure.