Question

What is the importance of neurulation?

Answer 1

Neurulation is the folding process in vertebrate embryos that involves the transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube.
One of the most common and devastating birth abnormalities in humans is failure of neurulation, specifically failure of neural tube closure. When the rostral end of the neural tube fails to close, anencephaly, or a lack of brain growth, develops, and it is usually fatal.

Complete answer:
The transformation of neural plates into neural tubes is known as neurulation. This occurs at a very early stage of embryonic development (in humans close to days after conception). A common birth defect is the failure of neural tubes to close properly. In other terms, it's the process of vertebrate embryos folding, which includes the transition of neural plates into neural tubes. The embryo is known as neurula at this stage.
This procedure achieves three primary goals in higher vertebrates:
gives rise to the central nervous system by forming neural tubes
develops the true epidermis that protects the newly formed neural tubes
produces a distinct collection of cell types by causing neural crests to migrate away from the dorsal surface of neural tubes.
When the notochord instructs the ectoderm germ layer above it to produce the thick and flat neural plate, the central nervous system is formed (CNS). The neural plate folds up on itself to form the neural tube, which eventually becomes the spinal cord and brain, forming the central nervous system. In different organisms, primary and secondary neurulation are two distinct processes that shape different portions of the neural tube.
In secondary neurulation, the tube is formed by hollowing down the interior of a solid predecessor. The medullary cord is formed by the neural ectoderm and some endoderm cells during secondary neurulation.

Note:
Dysraphism means "abnormal suture" in English. When the neural tube's closure is interrupted, either on the anterior or posterior neuropore, the following abnormalities occur:
Anencephaly is a disorder in which the anterior neuropore does not shut completely. As a result, large chunks of the skullcap, cerebrum, and diencephalon have been lost. Anencephaly frequently leads to the death of the foetus.
The neuropore caudalis does not shut-in people with spina bifida. The vertebral arches stay open as well. There are several levels of severity. This condition is not life-threatening, but paralysis is common.