Question

What is the function of the renal artery and the renal vein?

Answer 1

The kidney is known to be the filtration system of the body. It is responsible for processing all the fluid in the body. This organ is responsible for balancing the electrolytes and regulating the amount of water in the blood. It also gets rid of the urea that is present in the blood.

Complete answer:
All of the fluid that the intestines squeeze out from the food gets taken to the kidneys. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. This unit extracts all the minerals, nutrients, and water that it needs from the fluid we take in, and it sends these materials to the blood. In order to send these materials directly to the blood, the circulatory system needs to be intertwined with the nephron. Thus the circulatory system enters the kidney in the form of the renal artery and goes to the nephron. It then exits the kidney as a renal vein.
Renal Artery: This artery brings oxygenated blood to the nephron. Once it enters the kidney, it branches and goes around the various nephrons of the kidney. The nephron then regulates the amount of water and electrolytes in the blood. It also gets rid of urea and excess glucose.
Renal Vein: All of the useful substances in the fluid go into the blood. The blood then leaves the nephron and multiple branching venules together exit the kidney as a renal vein. This blood then gets circulated to the rest of the body.

Note:
The circulatory system enters the kidney in the form of the renal artery. Here all of the useful substances get taken up into the blood and the waste gets removed. After this, the blood exits the kidney in the form of a renal vein. The waste fluid goes into the urinary bladder.