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Question

Question: What is the function of GTP in translation?...

What is the function of GTP in translation?

Explanation

Solution

The process of translation involves the synthesis of proteins. It is a part of the central dogma that involves the conversion of the amino acids into the RNA which then with the help of various enzymes will result in the formation of the proteins.

Complete answer:
The translation of the process of the protein synthesis where the sequences of the messenger mRNA that were produced during the process of transcription were translated into the amino acids to produce proteins. This complete process is called the gene expression or the gene regulation which takes place in the ribosomes. They will produce the long chain of amino acids and produce the polypeptide chain resulting in the formation of the activated proteins that will help in the regulation and functions of the cells.
Translation occurs in three steps:

  1. Initiation - It is the starting of the translation process where the ribosomes are attached to tRNA, this tRNA will be first attached to the start codon.
  2. Elongation - The last tRNA when attached to the small ribosomal unit then transfers the amino acids to the large ribosomal unit and then it will again bind to the starting of the different tRNA. The ribosomes consist of two subunits the large and the small units. The ribosome then binds to the second mRNA where it codes for the amino acids forming a long chain. In this process, the GTP is used as the source of the energy and helps in the binding of the amino acids of the tRNA to the ribosomes. GTP also helps in the movement of the ribosome from one end to the other.
  3. Termination - It is the last stage of the translation process where the stop codon will attach to the translation site resulting in the ribosome releasing the long polypeptide chain of the amino acids.

Note:
GTP is abbreviated as the Guanosine Triphosphate. It is a nucleoside that comes under the category of the purines and consists of phosphate sugar. It also helps in the process of transcription that forms the RNA and also in the process of translation that results in the synthesis of the proteins.