Question

What is the difference between the four types of human immunity?

Answer 1

An organisms' ability to withstand harmful microorganisms is known as immunity. There are both unique and nonspecific components of immunity. Immunity is a dynamic biological mechanism with the ability to identify and accept what belongs to the self while also recognizing and rejecting what does not.

Complete answer:
1. Innate Immunity: Innate immunity, also known as native immunity, is a form of immunity that is semi-specific and widely distributed. It is characterized as the first line of defense against pathogens, a critical systemic response that contributes to the activation of adaptive immune response by preventing infection and maintaining homeostasis. It does not respond to a specific external stimulus or a previous infection, instead of relying on genetically encoded pattern recognition.
2. Adaptive immunity: Antigen-specific lymphocytes mediate adaptive or acquired immunity, which is an active component of the host immune response. Unlike innate immunity, acquired immunity is highly specific to a specific pathogen and includes immunological memory production. The acquired system, like the innate system, consists of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity components.
3. Cell-mediated immunity: Immune responses that do not contain antibodies are known as cell-mediated immunity. In response to an antigen, cell-mediated immunity involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines.
4. Humoral immunity: Immunity mediated by macromolecules present in extracellular fluids, such as secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and some antimicrobial peptides, is known as humoral immunity.

Note:
Immunology is a branch of biology that studies how the immune system functions in all living things. Immunology maps, analyses, and contextualizes the immune system's physiological functioning in both health and disease; immune system malfunctions in immunological disorders are among the disciplines studied in immunology.