Question

What is the difference between standard temperature and pressure and standard states?

Answer 1

In order to obtain the relation between the orbital velocity and escape velocity we first need to know the expression for orbital velocity as well as the escape velocity with common parameters. Assume that the satellites revolve close to the surface of the Earth. Further accordingly by taking the ratio between the two we will obtain the required expression.

Complete answer:
To begin with the solution first let us understand what the terminologies and their significance are mentioned in the question.
Standard temperature and pressure i.e.(STP)are standard sets of conditions which are completely arbitrary but chosen such that they allow us to judge different sets of data. The widely used standards are those of (IUPAC). STP is defined as temperature of 273K and absolute pressure of 1bar.
Standard state refers to a reference point about which we determine properties under different conditions. Likewise STP, standard states are also considered for matters of convenience usually put forward by (IUPAC). It is also recommended that such states are to be determined at pressure of the order of ${{10}^{5}}$Pa.
From the above information we can say that STP are a set of conditions commonly imposed by IUPAC for easiness in the comparison for data where as standard states refer to the physical or non physical state of a substance which is used as a reference state for materials thermodynamic state properties

Note: It is to be noted that temperature is not a part of the definition of standard states. STP are conditions that are used to carry out calculations that approximate a real gas to an ideal gas. Many standard states are non physical i.e. they are obtained by extrapolation from a well defined relation from some limiting conditions.