Question

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

Answer 1

The passage of substances and molecules is due to a selectively permeable membrane.
Selectively permeable membranes are permeable to some substances but impermeable to other substances.

Complete answer:
Membrane transport is the passage of various solutes such as ions and molecules through biological membranes.
Passive transport is that type of membrane transport where there is no requirement of energy for the movement of substances across cell membranes.
Diffusion is the movement of material from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the use of any membrane. Concentration gradient is the difference between the concentration of the two areas of diffusion.
Facilitated diffusion is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane with the help of transport proteins.
Filtration is the movement of water and molecules through a membrane due to the generation of a hydrostatic force.
Osmosis is the movement of molecules across an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
Active transport is the movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, against the concentration gradient. Active transport requires the consumption of energy to transport molecules against the concentration gradient.
There are two types of active transport:
1. Primary active transport
2. Secondary active transport
Primary active transport uses ATP as its energy source for the movement of molecules from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. It is called direct active transport.
Secondary active transport uses an electrochemical potential difference to transport molecules from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.

Note:
Passive transport is dependent on the second law of thermodynamics to propel the transfer of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Active transport uses kinetic energy and natural entropy for the transfer of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.