Question

What is the difference between evolution and mutation?

Answer 1

Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that involves the study of the history of the development of newer forms of life from the pre-existing ones in various periods of time on the earth. It studies the evolutionary processes like natural selection, speciation, common descents that lead to the diversity of life on the earth.

Complete answer:
These are the differences between evolution and mutation:

Evolution	Mutation
Gk. e-out, volvere-to roll; Spencer	Latin. Mutare-to change
Evolution is the unrolling or unfolding of nature that brings about an orderly change from one form or condition to another resulting in the descending of modern organisms from ancient organisms over time.	Mutations are unpredictable, stable, and inheritable alternations in the genetic material of a cell of a living organism due to permanent changes in chromosome number, chromosome structure, and genes.
It occurs later.	It occurs first.
Evolution results in the production of new organisms that are more suitable or fit for the environment.	Mutation is the first step of evolution.
Evolution occurs in all domains- stellar, inorganic, physical, chemical, and biological.	Mutation only occurs in the biological domain.
Types of evolution- Stellar evolution, inorganic evolution, physical evolution, chemical, and biological evolution.Types of biological evolution- microevolution, macroevolution, mega evolution, progressive evolution, retrogressive evolution, convergent evolution, divergent evolution, parallel evolution, quantum evolution, punctuated equilibrium, coevolution.	Types of mutations- genomic mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and gene mutation. Genomic mutations are of two types: euploidy and aneuploidy. Chromosomal aberrations are of two types- intrachromosomal and interchromosomal.Types of gene mutation- point mutation, gross mutation, copy error mutation, somatic mutation, germinal mutation, silent mutation, mis-sense mutation, nonsense mutation.

Note:
The most discussed evolutions are convergent and divergent evolution. In convergent evolution, functionality similar structures (analogous organs) develop from different structures and occur in unrelated organisms. In divergent evolution, different forms (homologous organs) develop from a basically similar structure, and it occurs in related organisms. Wings of insects and birds, stream-lined body and fins of fish and whales are analogous organs and examples of convergent evolution. Forelimbs of mammals are homologous organs and are examples of divergent evolution.