Question

What is the difference between DNA and chromosomes?

Answer 1

DNA is a long polymer chain of deoxyribonucleotides, a type of nucleic acid that carries genetic information from one generation to another. DNA is a double helix structure that determines the genetic information or genetic makeup of a given organism.
A chromosome is a thread-like structure made up of DNA and proteins like histone protein and are present inside the cells.

Complete answer:

DNA	CHROMOSOMES
1. DNA is a double helix, chemical structure which carries genetic information in an organism.	1. Chromosomes are highly coiled and condensed structures found at the metaphase stage of cell division.
2. It is made up of deoxyribonucleotides. The nitrogenous bases present in them are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine.	2. It is made up of DNA and protein like histone.
3. It carries genetic information.	3. It helps in transcription, cell division, replication and in daughter cells formation.
4. It is a double helix structure in which the two opposite strands run in anti-parallel directions.	4. It appears like a butterfly when a centromere is present in the center.

Note:
DNA is made up of polynucleotide chains.
A nucleoid has three components-
A nitrogen base- There are two types of Nitrogen nitrogenous bases - Purine and Pyrimidine
A pentose sugar- A carbohydrate consisting of five carbon atoms.
A Phosphate Group.
Two nucleotides are linked through 3’-5’ phosphodiester linkage to form a dinucleotide, more nucleotides join by this linkage to form a polynucleotide chain.
The pentose sugar and nitrogenous base are joined by N-glycosidic bonds and form nucleosides.
Nucleoside and phosphate group join to form a nucleotide.