Question

What is the correct sequence of organelles for the export of material out of a cell?
(a) Rough ER – Smooth ER – Golgi apparatus
(b) Smooth ER – Rough ER – Golgi apparatus
(c) Rough ER – Golgi apparatus – Smooth ER
(d) Golgi apparatus – Rough ER – Smooth ER

Answer 1

Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. Each living cell has the capacity to perform certain basic functions that are features of all living forms. Cell organelles are the specialized membrane-bound parts of a cell present in cytoplasm. There are various cell organelles like Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Vacuoles, etc.

Complete answer: A network of interconnecting membranous tube-like structures. Gives mechanical support to the cell. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum – Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum- It has membranes with ribosomes attached to the cytoplasmic surface. This makes the granular-like rough. RER is made up of cisternae and a few tubules.
Functions –
-It takes part in the synthesis of proteins and enzymes and offers an extensive surface area.
-It also helps in the formation of lysosomes.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- It has smooth membranes and does not bear ribosomes over its surface. It is mainly made up of vesicles and tubules.
Functions:
-It is engaged in the synthesize and storage of glycogen, lipids and steroids.
-It also helps to give rise to sphaerosomes.
-Golgi apparatus/ Golgi complex- It is a complex protoplasmic structure which is made up of flat and extended cisternae, a network of tubules with vesicles and large vacuoles.
-It performs a number of functions like formation of lysosomes, transformation of membranes, secretion, etc.

So, the correct answer is option (A) Rough ER – Smooth ER – Golgi apparatus, because the proteins and lipids are first synthesized in Rough ER and Smooth ER and then they are transported to the Golgi apparatus for their modification.

Note: ER was first discovered by Porter and Thompson in 1945 and named as Endoplasmic Reticulum in 1953 by Porter. The channels and spaces of ER are filled with a fluid called endoplasmic matrix. Golgi apparatus was discovered by Camillo Golgi in 1898 in the nerve cells of Barn owl and cat by the process of metallic impregnation method.