Question

What is the cause of abnormal elongation of long bones of arms and legs and the lower jaw?

Answer 1

Elongation refers to the state, act, or process of lengthening in general. Or we can say that In biology, the term usually refers to a biological process that lengthens a biological entity. Growth hormone is a protein hormone with about 190 amino acids that is produced and secreted by cells in the anterior pituitary called somatotrophs. It plays a key role in the regulation of several complex physiologic processes, including growth and metabolism.

Complete answer:
The abnormal elongation of long bones in the arms and legs, as well as the lower jaw, is caused by excessive growth hormone secretion. In children, the condition is known as gigantism, and in adults, it is known as acromegaly.
Acromegaly is a rare condition in which the body produces too much growth hormone, causing tissue and bone growth to accelerate. This causes abnormally large hands and feet, as well as a variety of other symptoms, over time. Acromegaly is most commonly diagnosed in adults between the ages of 30 and 50, but it can affect anyone at any age. It's referred to as "gigantism" when it occurs before puberty.
Acromegaly is caused by an excess of growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland (a pea-sized gland located just below the brain). This is usually caused by an adenoma, a non-cancerous tumor in the pituitary gland. The majority of acromegaly symptoms are caused by an excess of growth hormone, but some are caused by the tumor pressing on nearby tissues.

Note:
Doctors use a combination of treatments to treat gigantism and acromegaly.
A pituitary gland tumor is surgically removed.
Radiation therapy is a type of treatment that prevents your body from producing growth hormones.
You may need to take hormone supplements to replace the ones your pituitary gland produces after surgery or radiation to treat a pituitary gland tumor.