Question

What is the capacitance of the capacitor of square plates of area $A$, shown in the figure

Answer 1

A capacitor is a two terminal component that stores electrical energy in the form of potential energy, and later discharges them. This property is called the capacitance of the capacitor. The capacitors can be connected in series or in parallel with respect to each other.

Formula:
$C=\dfrac{KA\epsilon_{0}}{d}$

Complete step by step answer:
A capacitor can store electrical energy, and behaves as a temporary battery. They are used mainly to maintain the power supply while batteries are being changed. It can also store information in the form of binary digits. It is the main component used in full wave and half wave rectifiers. (symbol: F), named after the English physicist Michael Faraday. A 1 farad capacitor, when charged with 1 coulomb of electrical charge, has a potential difference of 1 volt between its plates.
We know that the charge $Q$ produced due to capacitance $C$ and potential difference $V$ is given as $Q=CV$. Also, the energy of the capacitor is $E=\dfrac{1}{2}CV^{2}$.
We know that $C=\dfrac{KA\epsilon_{0}}{d}$ where, $A$ is the area of the capacitance and $d$ is the width of the dielectric $K$and the electric constant $\epsilon_{0}=8.854\times 10^{-12}Fm^{-1}$
Here, we have a capacitance$C_{1}$ filled with $K_{1}$, then, $C_{1}=\dfrac{K_{1}d\epsilon_{0}}{d}\times\dfrac{l}{2}=\dfrac{K_{1}\epsilon_{0}l}{2}$
Similarly, we have a capacitance $C_{2}$ is filled with $K_{2}$, then, we can divide the capacitance into two areas, then we have the following $C_{2}=\dfrac{K_{2}\epsilon_{0}ld}{2\left(\dfrac{l}{2}\right)}+\dfrac{K_{2}\epsilon_{0}ld}{2d}$
$\implies C_{2}=K_{2}\epsilon_{0}d+\dfrac{K_{2}\epsilon_{0}ld}{2}$
$\therefore C_{2}=K_{2}\epsilon_{0}d\left(1+\dfrac{l}{2}\right)$
Then the net $C=C_{1}+C_{2}=\dfrac{K_{1}\epsilon_{0}l}{2}+K_{2}\epsilon_{0}d\left(1+\dfrac{l}{2}\right)$

Note:
The series of capacitors is the sum of reciprocal of its individual capacitors, whereas in resistance the parallel is the sum of reciprocal of its individual resistors. Also remember that capacitors can charge and discharge. To solve the question, we can divide the given area into small capacitance.