Question

What is so special in tropics that account for their greater biological diversity?

Answer 1

Solar energy is the primary source of energy for all ecosystems. Producers use sunlight for photosynthesis and consumers depend on producers. So, the constant input of solar energy greatly determines the biological diversity of a region.

Complete step by step answer: The species diversity is greater there in tropical regions than in other areas of the globe. There are several reasons for this. The vast tropical region receives the greatest amount of solar energy than any other region. So, the energy input is higher in these regions which leads to greater biodiversity and species variation. The climate patterns of different regions of the globe, hence, the climatic conditions are more stable in the tropical regions while in polar regions and temperate regions, they are fluctuating. Because of this stable climate throughout the year species are more diverse and ecosystems are more stable in tropical regions. The glaciations that occurred in thousands of years before. These frequent glaciations have least happened in tropical regions. So, these vast tropical rainforests are mainly undisturbed for millions of years which are another reason for this stable biodiversity in this region. Scientists say that several millions of species are waiting to be discovered in tropical regions. Estimations are more complete in temperature regions and tropical regions because of this vast diversity.

Note: The least biological diversity will be seen in polar regions because of their extreme climate. Only organisms that can withstand this extremely cold climate can thrive in polar regions. The condition is similar in dry and arid regions like deserts.