Question

What is sex linkage? Explain colour blindness and hemophilia?

Answer 1

Sex linkage describes the sex-specific patterns of inheritance and presentation. Mutation is present on a sex chromosome rather than a non-sex chromosome.

Complete answer:
The transmission of characters and there determining gene alongside sex determining genes is understood as an organic phenomenon. Basically, it's the phenotypic expression of an allele that's hooked into the gender of the individual and is directly tied to the sex chromosomes.

Colour blindness: Colour blindness may be a recessive sex-linked trait during which the attention fails
To distinguish red and colour. It’s also referred to as a colour deficiency. This defect is due mutation in certain genes present within the X chromosome. It occurs in about 8 percent of males and only about 0.4 percent of females. There can be various reasons for colour blindness like the colour cone cells are absent or not working properly or detecting any special colour than the normal.
The main reason for severe colour blindness is the absence of three cone cells. Mild colour blindness happens when all three cone s are present but one cone cell doesn't work right. It detects a special colour than normal.
Hemophilia: Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder which occurs at the places where blood doesn’t clot properly. It’s caused when blood doesn’t have enough coagulation factor. This results in people bleeding for an extended time after an injury, easy bruising, and an increased risk of bleeding inside joints or the brain. Hemophilia is caused by a mutation or change, in one among the genes, that gives instructions for creating the coagulation factor proteins needed to make a grime. The clotting of protein can be prevented due to this mutation. These genes are located on the X chromosome.
Males have two chromosomes as X and Y forming (XY) while females have two X chromosomes forming (XX). Males inherit the X chromosome from their mothers and therefore the Y chromosome from their fathers.
Females inherit one X chromosome from each parent.

Note: Sex linkage is the phenotypic expression of an allele that is dependent on the gender of the individual and is directly tied to the sex chromosomes. In mammals the homogametic sex is
Female (XX) and the heterogametic sex is male (XY), thus the sex linked genes are carried on the X
Chromosome.