Question

What is required for the formation by polymerization of the chitinous exoskeleton of arthropods?

Answer 1

Arthropods are coated with a protective, hard exoskeleton or integument of chitin. The chitinous exoskeleton of the bugs is the outcome of the polymerization of N-acetyl glucosamine, which is derived from glucose. It is also a distinctive element of the cell wall of fungi, the radula of mollusks, and the beaks and interior casings of cephalopods involving squid and octopuses.

Complete answer:
Arthropods are protected with a strong, hard-headed exoskeleton or integument of a substance called chitin. The chitinous exoskeleton of arthropods is developed by the polymerization of N-acetyl glucosamine. Chitin is a structural polysaccharide that creates the exoskeleton of arthropods. It is a complicated carbohydrate where N-acetyl glucosamine monomers are combined together by (1, 4) β-linkages. The chitinous exoskeleton provides the arthropods with flexibility and strength.
In cockroach’s exoskeleton, the body of cockroach is protected by dense and hard chitinous cuticle, which is produced by epidermis, creating the exoskeleton where every section of exoskeleton comprises of 4 layers termed as sclerites, the back sclerites is termed as sternum or sternite; 2 adjacent sclerites are termed as pleura or pleurites. The terga, sternum and pleura are combined by an arthrodial membrane.

Note:
N-Acetylglucosamine is an amino group derivative of the monosaccharide glucose. It is a 20 amino group between glucosamine and acetic acid. It is substantial in numerous biological systems. It is component of a biopolymer in the bacterial cell wall, which is developed from substituting units of N-Acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid, cross-linked by oligopeptides at the lactic acid residue of N-acetylmuramic acid. This layered configuration is known as peptidoglycan (earlier called murein).