Question

What is protoplasm? Who coined the term and when?

Answer 1

The protoplasm is the live component of the cell that is surrounded by the plasma membrane. While scientists were attempting to characterise protoplasm, there were numerous inconsistencies. Nowadays, protoplasm refers to the cell's cytoplasm and nucleus.
Purkinje found the Purkinje effect, in which he discussed the influence of light intensity on the human eye and claimed that dim red light has less sensitivity than dim blue light. He was the first person in the area of microscopy to utilise a microtome to cut tiny slices of a sample to examine under a compound microscope.

Complete answer:
The organic and inorganic substances that make up the cell's nucleus, cytoplasm, plastids, and mitochondria are referred to as protoplasm.
The live portion of the cell, protoplasm, is made up of many cellular organelles. Within the cell wall, it is a jelly-like, colourless, transparent, and viscous living substance. It is in charge of a variety of life processes. Cells were once thought to be protoplasm-containers.
In a eukaryotic cell, the cytoplasm is the first component of protoplasm, which is situated between the cell membrane and the nucleus. A cell's cytoplasm is responsible for maintaining the cell's environment, maintaining cell shape, and storing molecules required by the organelle.
The nucleus is the second component of protoplasm, and it is where an organism's genetic information is stored. Ribosomes are also located in the nucleus, which is required for the cell's protein creation. Instead of a nucleus, prokaryotes have a nucleoid, which contains all of the genetic information.
Although Dujardin discovered protoplasm in $1835$, it was J.E. Purkinje who created the term protoplasm in $1839$.

Note:
Purkinje has a number of organs and components of an organism that have been named after him. The following are some examples:
Purkinje cells are a type of big neuron in the cerebellum with branched dendrites.
Purkinje fibres - These fibres are found in the heart's inner ventricular region and conduct impulses from the atrioventricular nodes to the other ventricles.
Purkinje images are things that are reflected in the eye structures.
Purkinje shift — when light intensity decreases towards dawn, the brightness of blue and red changes.