Question

What is myocardial infarction?Write its causes , symptoms and risk factors

Answer 1

A cardiac attack is a medical emergency. A heart attack normally happens when a blood clot prevents the flow of blood to the heart. Without blood, the tissue loses its oxygen and dies.

Complete answer:
Myocardial Infarction(MI) also known as a heart attack is one of the most common non-communicable diseases / chronic diseases that can not be spread from person to person. Gradually, it develops and affects the blood flow to the heart.It mostly happens in the middle or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes.
Around 30 percent of people have atypical symptoms. Women are more likely to have no chest pain and instead have neck pain, arm pain or tiredness. For those over 75 years of age, only 5 per cent have had a MI with little or no history of symptoms. MI can cause heart failure, irregular heartbeat, cardiac shock, or cardiac arrest.
Symptoms:-
Symptoms usually appear progressively. Chest pain is the most common sign of acute myocardial infarction.
It is also related to Sensation of stress , Pressure,Squeezing up
Pain normally radiates to the left arm, but can also radiate to the lower jaw, throat, right arm, back, and epigastrium where it may resemble heartburn.
The symptom of Levine, in which the patient locates the chest pain by clenching his fist over the sternum, was believed to be indicative of cardiac chest pain.
Other signs include:Shortness of breath ,Anxiety,Coughing,Wheezing
Cause:-
The incidence of heart attacks is usually higher with intense exercise, which may also be due to psychological stress or physical exertion.
Risk factors associated with MI are as follows:
Age: The risk of heart disease often increases with increasing age.
Gender: Men are at greater risk than women.
Diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2)
It's high blood pressure.
Dyslipidemia / hypercholesterolemia (abnormal blood lipoprotein levels), especially high low density lipoprotein, low high density lipoprotein and high triglyceride levels.
Smoking cigarettes, including passive smoking.
Family history of heart disease or myocardial infarction, particularly if you have a first-degree relative (father, brother, mother, sister).
There is a lack of physical activity.
Alcohol — Studies show that prolonged exposure to high levels of alcohol can increase the risk of heart attack.
Oral contraceptive pill – Women who use combination oral contraceptive pills are at increased risk of myocardial infarction, particularly in the presence of other risk factors such as smoking.

Note: There is a wide overlap between lifestyle and activity guidelines for the prevention of myocardial infarction and those that may be used as secondary prevention following initial myocardial infarction due to mutual risk factors and the goal of minimising atherosclerosis in the heart of vessels