Question

What is hybridization of carbon atoms in diamond and graphite? How many Kg of carbon are present in $0.5$ mol of Buckminsterfullerene? ( atomic mass of carbon $= 12$ )

Answer 1

Diamond and graphite are two allotropes of carbon having different physical properties mainly because of the hybridization of carbon in them. Hybridization is the process of combination of existing atomic orbitals of same or different atoms leading to the formation of new orbitals suitable for making covalent bonds.
Formula used: For any substance number of moles can be give by:
$no.\,of\,moles = \dfrac{{given\,mass}}{{molecular\,or\,atomic\,mass}} \\\ no.\,of\,moles = \dfrac{W}{M} \\\$
So, the weight W can be given by
$W = M \times no.\,of moles$
Complete step by step answer:
In diamond each carbon atom is attached to four different carbon atoms by sigma bonds. Hence, the hybridization of carbon is $s{p^3}$ .
In graphite each carbon atom is attached to three different carbon atoms by sigma bonds. Hence, the hybridization of carbon is $s{p^2}$ .
Calculation of mass of C in the given amount of Buckminsterfullerene:
Buckminsterfullerene is the allotrope of carbon containing sixty atoms of carbon in one unit. Its formula can be written as $C60$ . Hence, its atomic mass $M = 12 \times 60 = 720gmo{l^{ - 1}}$ .
The weight of 0.5 mole of $C60$, $W = M \times no.\,of\,moles = 720 \times 0.5 = 360g = \dfrac{{360}}{{1000}}Kg = 0.3Kg$
Additional information: Carbon is capable of forming many allotropes (structurally different forms of an element) due to its valency. Well known forms of carbon include diamond, graphite, graphene, buckminsterfullerene, carbon nanotubes and Lonsdaleite. Fullerenes are the allotropes of carbon composed of carbon atoms having single or double bonds connected to form a closed mesh with fused rings of five, six or seven carbon atoms. The molecule can be a hollow sphere, a tube, ellipsoid and many other shapes.

Note:
There are several allotropes of carbon. Allotropes of Carbon: Allotropes of carbon: a) Diamond, b) Graphite, c) Lonsdaleite, d) C60 (Buckminsterfullerene or buckyball), e) C540, f) C70, g) Amorphous carbon, and h) single-walled carbon nanotube, or buckytube.Also keep in mind that the weight obtained in grams is converted to Kg. Atomic and molecular masses are generally given in grams.